DPR deep reading
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DPR: Turn Open-Domain QA into Dense Passage Retrieval, but Do Not Treat the Dual Encoder as Production RAG
Intermediate Retrieval, memory, and production RAGA source-grounded reading of Karpukhin et al., EMNLP 2020: a BERT dual encoder trained with question–passage pairs and in-batch negatives replaces BM25 over Wikipedia passages via MIPS. On NQ, top-20 retrieval is 78.4% vs BM25 59.1%; end-to-end Exact Match is 41.5. This is the retriever RAG uses, not a generation platform.
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